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Question:

Is it permissible for me to send my Zakat now to people who need it? What do I do when my actual Zakat payment date comes then?

Question published as received.

The Fatwa

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The Answer

It is permissible to pay Zakat before its yearly due-date as long as:

  1. An intention is made of paying Zakat
  2. The wealth of the payer had reached the threshold of Niṣāb.
  3. When the Zakat due date arrives, one must ensure that the Zakat discharged prior equals the full Zakat liability. Otherwise, one must settle the balance and the deficit that remains outstanding. Should he have ‘over-paid’ the excess shall be classed as Nafl Sadaqah.
  4. The payer’s balance must remain above nil up until the year end. If this condition is not met, the payment will be Sadaqah.

And Almighty Allah Alone Knows Best

Maulana Ammar Y Badat
Trainee Mufti

Reviewed and approved by
Mufti Faraz Adam
Darul Iftaa Muadh ibn Jabal
www.fatwa-centre.com | www.darulfiqh.com

 

DISCLAIMER:

The views and opinions expressed in this answer belong only to the author and do not in any way represent or reflect the views of any institutions to which he may be affiliated.

Arguments and ideas propounded in this answer are based on the juristic interpretations and reasoning of the author. Given that contemporary issues and interpretations of contemporary issues are subjective in nature, another Mufti may reach different conclusions to the one expressed by the author. Whilst every effort has been taken to ensure total accuracy and soundness from a Shari’ah perspective, the author is open to any correction or juristic guidance. On the event of any juristic shortcomings, the author will retract any or all of the conclusions expressed within this answer.

The Shari’ah ruling given herein is based specifically on the scenario in question.  The author bears no responsibility towards any party that acts or does not act on this answer and is exempted from any and all forms of loss or damage.  This answer may not be used as evidence in any court of law without prior written consent from the author.  Consideration is only given and is restricted to the specific links provided, the author does not endorse nor approve of any other content the website may contain.

 

ويجوز تعجيل الزكاة قبل الحول إذا ملك نصاباً عندنا؛ لأنه أدى بعد وجود سبب الوجوب؛ لأن سبب الوجوب نصاب نام؛ فإن نظرنا إلى النصاب فالنصاب قد وجد؛ وإن نظرنا إلى النماء فقد وجد أيضاً؛ لأن العبرة لسبب النماء وهو الإسامة أو التجارة لا لنفس النماء، وقد وجد سبب النماء.  (المحيط البرهاني)

م: (وإن قدم الزكاة على الحول وهو مالك للنصاب جاز) ش: بأن قدم المالك الزكاة قبل حولان الحول والحال أنه مالك لقدر النصاب جاز تقديمه م: (لأنه أدى بعد سبب الوجوب فيجوز) ش: سبب الوجوب هو النصاب ولأنه حق يؤجل كالدين المؤجل، وبقولنا: قال الشافعي، وأحمد، وإسحاق، وأبو ثور، وهو قول الحسن البصري، والنخعي، والزهري، والثوري، والشعبي، ومجاهد، والحاكم، وابن أبي ليلى، وسعيد بن جبير، والحسن بن حي – رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ – م: (كما إذا كفر بعد الجرح) ش: قيد الموت لوجود السبب وهو الجرح. (البناية شرح الهداية)

(قَوْلُهُ فَإِنْ قَدَّمَ الزَّكَاةَ عَلَى الْحَوْلِ وَهُوَ مَالِكٌ لِلنِّصَابِ جَازَ) لِأَنَّهُ أَدَّى بَعْدَ سَبَبِ الْوُجُوبِ قَالَ فِي النِّهَايَةِ لَكِنْ بَيْنَ الْأَدَاءِ مُعَجَّلًا وَبَيْنَ الْأَدَاءِ فِي آخِرِ الْحَوْلِ فَرْقٌ وَهُوَ أَنَّ الْمُعَجَّلَ يُشْتَرَطُ فِيهِ أَنْ لَا يَنْتَقِصَ النِّصَابُ فِي آخِرِ الْحَوْلِ وَفِي الْأَدَاءِ فِي آخِرِ الْحَوْلِ لَا يُشْتَرَطُ بَيَانُهُ إذَا عَجَّلَ شَاةً عَنْ أَرْبَعِينَ فَحَال عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ وَعِنْدَهُ تِسْعٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ فَلَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَنَّهُ إذَا كَانَ صَرَفَهَا إلَى الْفُقَرَاءِ وَقَعَتْ تَطَوُّعًا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قَائِمَةً بِعَيْنِهَا فِي يَدِ الْإِمَامِ أَوْ السَّاعِي اسْتَرَدَّهَا أَمَّا إذَا كَانَ أَدَاؤُهُ فِي آخِرِ الْحَوْلِ وَقَعَتْ عَنْ الزَّكَاةِ وَإِنْانْتَقَصَ النِّصَابُ بِأَدَائِهِ قَالَ الْخُجَنْدِيُّ إنَّمَا يَجُوزُ التَّعْجِيلُ بِشَرَائِطَ ثَلَاثٍ أَحَدُهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَوْلُ مُنْعَقِدًا وَقْتَ التَّعْجِيلِ وَالثَّانِي أَنْ يَكُونَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي عَجَّلَ عَنْهُ كَامِلًا فِي آخِرِ الْحَوْلِ وَالثَّالِثُ أَنْ لَا يَفُوتَ أَصْلُهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مِثَالُهُ إذَا كَانَ لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ فَهَذَا مَالٌ لَا يَنْعَقِدُ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ فَإِذَا عَجَّلَ الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ كَمَّلَ النِّصَابَ بَعْدَ التَّعْجِيلِ لَا يَكُونُ مَا عَجَّلَ زَكَاةً وَيَكُونُ تَطَوُّعًا وَكَذَا إذَا كَانَ لَهُ مِائَتَا دِرْهَمٍ فَتَصَدَّقَ بِخَمْسَةٍ عَلَى فَقِيرٍ بِنِيَّةِ الزَّكَاةِ وَانْتَقَصَ النِّصَابُ بِمِقْدَارِ مَا عَجَّلَ وَلَمْ يَسْتَفِدْ شَيْئًا حَتَّى حَالَ الْحَوْلُ وَالنِّصَابُ نَاقِصٌ كَانَ مَا عَجَّلَ تَطَوُّعًا وَإِنْ اسْتَفَادَ شَيْئًا حَتَّى كَمَّلَ بِهِ النِّصَابَ قَبْلَ الْحَوْلِ ثُمَّ حَالَ الْحَوْلُ وَالنِّصَابُ كَامِلٌ صَحَّ التَّعْجِيلُ عَنْ الزَّكَاةِ. (الجوهرة النيرة ج 1 ص 121 لمطبعة الخيرية)

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