Question:

Asak wr wb,can a person give his entire property in his lifetime to whomever he wants?If he wants to give some then what’s the percentage. [Question Published as Received.]

The Fatwa

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The Answer

The Fiqh of the Answer

Imam al-Ṭarābulusī (d.966 AH) notes that if an individual gives all of his wealth to another person, it will be considered a gift. Muhammad Qadrī Pāshā (d.1304 AH) observes that every owner, if eligible to make gifts, may gift all or part of his property to anyone he wishes. This includes direct descendants, relatives, strangers, or even individuals from different religions, provided the conditions for gifting are met.

The Aṣl of this Mas’alah is that a person has freedom to contract in their wealth as they wish. This is the dictates of having Milkīyyah, it grants exclusivity and authority to act independently to a mature, sane person. The Sharīʿah recognises the agency of such people and their sound volition, as such, their actions are considered to be meaningful. The consequences of their actions are deemed valid and purposeful.

Mufti Raḍā al-Ḥaqq (Ḥafiẓahullāh) states that one has the right to distribute their wealth during their lifetime. It is advisable to maintain equality among children in the distribution, but some difference is also permissible. However, it is incorrect to cause harm to anyone without reason. Nevertheless, separation due to piety and immorality is permissible. In fact, giving slightly more to a pious and righteous individual is permissible according to Islamic law.[i]

And Almighty Allah Alone Knows Best

Maulana Mohammed Ubaydah Badat
Trainee Mufti

Reviewed and approved by
Mufti Faraz Adam
Darul Iftaa Muadh ibn Jabal
www.darulfiqh.com

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[i] ولو قال: جميع مالي أو ما أملكه لفلان، كان هبةً، أو ما ينسب إلي، أو ما يعرف بي كان إقراراً. (مواهب الرحمان لطرابلسي ص ٣٠٦)

  لَهُ ، وَالْقَبْضُ يَقُوْمُ مَقَامَ الْقُبُوْلِ (مَادَّة ٥٠١) يُشْتَرَطُ فِي صِحَةِ الْهِبَةِ أَنْ يَكُوْنَ الْوَاهِبُ حُرًّا عَاقِلاً بَالِغَا لاده مَالِكًا لِلْعَيْنِ الَّتِي يَتَبَرَّعُ بِهَا ( مَادَّة (٥٠٢ ) لا يَثْبُتُ مُلْكُ الْعَيْنِ الْمَوْهُوبَةِ إِلَّا بِقَبْضِهَا قَبْضًا كَامِلاً كَمَا … هُوَ مُبَيَّنٌ فِي مَادَّةِ ٥٠٧ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِي يَدِ الْمَوْهُوْبِ لَهُ مُلْكُهَا بِمُجَرَّدِ الْعَقْدِ ، أَوْ بِدُوْنِ قَبْضِ جَدِيدٍ بِشَرْطِ الْقُبُوْلِ ( مَادَّة (٥٠٣) يَجُوْزُ لِكُلِّ مَالِكِ إِذَا كَانَ أَهْلَا لِلتَّبَرُّعِ أَنْ يَهِبَ فِي حَالِ المادة – صِحَتِهِ مَا لَهُ كُلَّهُ أَوْ بَعْضَهُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ ، سَوَاءٌ كَانَ أَصْلًا لَهُ أَوْ فَرْعًا أَوْ قَرِيبًا أَوْ أَجْنَبِيًّا مِنْهُ ، وَلَوْ مُخَالِفًا لِدِينِهِ بِشُرُوطِهِ (مَادَّة (٥٠٤) الْعُمْرَى جَائِزَةٌ لِلْمُعْمَرِ لَهُ وَلِوَرَثَتِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ، وَهِيَ : جَعَلُ نَحْوَ دَارِهِ لِلْمُعْمَرِ لَهُ مُدَّةَ عُمْرِهِ بِشَرْطِ أَنْ يَرُدَّهَا عَلَى الْمُعْمِرِ أَوْ (الأحكام الشريعة في أحوال الشخصية مادة ٥٠٣)

  الجواب اپنی حیات ہی میں اپنا مال تقسیم کرتا ہبہ ہے اور یہ صحیح ہے ، اور مفتی بہ قول کے مطابق اولاد کے درمیان مساوات کا خیال رکھنا چاہئے لیکن اس میں تفاضل بھی چل سکتا ہے، البتہ بلاوجہ کسی کو ضرر پہنچانا درست نہیں ہے، ہاں دینداری اور فسق و فجور کی وجہ سے تفریق جائز ہے، بلکہ دیندار متقی با شرع کو کچھ زیادہ دینا (فتاوى دار العلوم زكرياء ج ٨ ص ٣٠٥)