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Darul Fiqh Darul Fiqh
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The Query

I had applied perfume on my neck before Ihram. Now I can smell that perfume on my hands and arms. Does this result in any penalty?

The Fatwa

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The Reply

If perfume was sprayed on oneโ€™s neck before coming into the state of Iแธฅrฤm, and can now be smelt on other parts of the body, it will not be deemed a violation of Iแธฅrฤm.ย 

The Fiqh of the Reply

Iแธฅrฤm is a state and not just the name of two sheets of clothing. As such, if something was done prior to entering that state, then it is simply a continuation of that action. The perfumeโ€™s rubbing off onto other parts of the body will be deemed to be used before coming into the state of Iแธฅrฤm. Therefore, this apparent transfer of perfume is legally in the ruling of perfume applied before coming into the state of Iแธฅrฤm.

The Fuqahฤโ€™ have a recurring theme in several Masฤโ€™il, albeit with exceptions, that the continuation of something enjoys the rulings and circumstances of its initial starting state. As such, in the issue under consideration, the continuation of the perfume and its subsequent movement is deemed to be in its initial circumstances and state; the initial circumstance and state was that the perfume was applied out of the state of Iแธฅrฤm. This is the view of Shaykhayn, with Imam al-Kฤsฤnฤซ (d.587 AH) stating that this was initially the view of Imam Muhammad (Raแธฅimahullah) too, but he changed his position thereafter.

Of course, one of the strongest arguments for this issue is the Prophetic example, narrated by Sayyidah สปฤ€โ€™ishah (Raแธiallahu โ€˜anhฤ) when reminiscing the memory of the Prophet ๏ทบ. She recalled the memory of perfume on the Prophet ๏ทบ, ย where the shine of the perfume was vivid in the blessed hair of the Prophet ๏ทบ whilst he was in the state of Iแธฅrฤm. [แนขaแธฅฤซแธฅ al-Bukhฤrฤซ] Commentating on this narration, the Fuqahฤโ€™ state that the existence of perfume after coming into the state of Iแธฅrฤm was clearly not an issue as demonstrated by the Prophetic practice.

The Rationale of the Reply

The Fuqahฤโ€™ reason with this issue by stating that it is the application of perfume that is prohibited in the state of Iแธฅrฤm, and not the mere existence of perfume; and as such, the continued existence of perfume (applied prior to the state of Iแธฅrฤm) on oneโ€™s body after coming into the state of Iแธฅrฤm is inconsequential. If the existence of perfume is inconsequential, then it follows that the movement of this very perfume is also inconsequential. The scent that was already applied before cannot be considered application by merely smelling it on another part of the body.

Additionally, Iแธฅrฤm is not simply clothing or oneโ€™s body; Iแธฅrฤm is not restricted to a particular item. Iแธฅrฤm is a state which includes speech, action and person. Therefore, if something happened before the state of Iแธฅrฤm, it is inclusive of speech, action and oneโ€™s person.ย  Perfuming occurred before the state of Iแธฅrฤm, which includes both clothing and body, and its presence is continuously found after the state of Iแธฅrฤm, which includes both clothing and body. As such, one clothing to another, or one body part to another cannot be separated in this particular issue and case.

And Almighty Allah Alone Knows Bestย 

Mufti Faraz Adam,
Darul Iftaa Muadh ibn Jabal

www.fatwa-centre.com | www.darulfiqh.com

DISCLAIMER:

The views and opinions expressed in this answer belong only to the author and do not in any way represent or reflect the views of any institutions to which he may be affiliated.

Arguments and ideas propounded in this answer are based on the juristic interpretations and reasoning of the author. Given that contemporary issues and interpretations of contemporary issues are subjective in nature, another Mufti may reach different conclusions to the one expressed by the author. Whilst every effort has been taken to ensure total accuracy and soundness from a Shariโ€™ah perspective, the author is open to any correction or juristic guidance. On the event of any juristic shortcomings, the author will retract any or all of the conclusions expressed within this answer.ย 

The Shariโ€™ah ruling given herein is based specifically on the scenario in question.ย  The author bears no responsibility towards any party that acts or does not act on this answer and is exempted from any and all forms of loss or damage.ย  This answer may not be used as evidence in any court of law without prior written consent from the author.ย  Consideration is only given and is restricted to the specific links provided, the author does not endorse nor approve of any other content the website may contain.

ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠุฉ ุฌ 1 ุต 242 ุท ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ููƒุฑ:

ูˆูŽู„ูŽูˆู’ ุชูŽุทูŽูŠู‘ูŽุจูŽ ู‚ูŽุจู’ู„ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุงู†ู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽู„ูŽ ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽู‡ู ู…ูู†ู’ ู…ูŽูƒูŽุงู†ู ุฅู„ูŽู‰ ุขุฎูŽุฑูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ุจูŽุฏูŽู†ูู‡ู ููŽุฅูู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู„ูŽุง ุดูŽูŠู’ุกูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุงุชู‘ูููŽุงู‚ู‹ุง ูƒูŽุฐูŽุง ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ุจูŽุญู’ุฑู ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŽุงุฆูู‚ู.

ูˆููŠ ูุชุงูˆู‰ ู‚ุงุถูŠุฎุงู†:

ูˆุฃุฌู…ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌูˆุฒ ุงู„ุชุทูŠุจ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงู… ุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงู… ูˆุฅู† ุจู‚ูŠุช ุฑุงุฆุญุชู‡ ูˆูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุชุทูŠุจ ุจู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงู… ูƒุงู„ู…ุณูƒ ูˆุงู„ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ (ู‚ุงุถูŠุฎุงู† ุฌ 1 ุต 140)

ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู„ูŽูˆู’ ุชูŽุทูŽูŠู‘ูŽุจูŽ ู‚ูŽุจู’ู„ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุงู†ู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽู„ูŽ ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽู‡ู ู…ูู†ู’ ู…ูŽูƒูŽุงู† ุฅู„ูŽู‰ ุขุฎูŽุฑูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ุจูŽุฏูŽู†ูู‡ู ููŽุฅูู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู„ูŽุง ุดูŽูŠู’ุกูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุงุชู‘ูููŽุงู‚ู‹ุงุŒ (ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุฌ 3 ุถ 4)

ููŠ ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฑูŠ ุต 455:

ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุจุฏู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุฌุฒุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชูุงู‚ุง ูƒุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุงู„ู ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุนุถูˆูŠู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู„ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠู† ุบุงูŠุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุบูŠุฑ ุชุนู…ุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุก

ูˆููŠ ุจุฏุงุฆุน ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฆุน ููŠ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฆุน ู„ู„ูƒุงุณุงู†ูŠ ุฌ 2 ุต 144 ุท ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ:

ูˆูŽูŠูŽุฏู’ู‡ูู†ู ุจูุฃูŽูŠู‘ู ุฏูู‡ู’ู†ู ุดูŽุงุกูŽุŒ ูˆูŽูŠูŽุชูŽุทูŽูŠู‘ูŽุจู ุจูุฃูŽูŠู‘ู ุทููŠุจู ุดูŽุงุกูŽ ุณูŽูˆูŽุงุกูŒ ูƒูŽุงู†ูŽ ุทููŠุจู‹ุง ุชูŽุจู’ู‚ูŽู‰ ุนูŽูŠู’ู†ูู‡ู ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ุฃูŽูˆู’ ู„ูŽุง ุชูŽุจู’ู‚ูŽู‰ ูููŠ ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ู ุฃูŽุจููŠ ุญูŽู†ููŠููŽุฉูŽุŒ ูˆูŽุฃูŽุจููŠ ูŠููˆุณูููŽุŒ ูˆูŽู‡ููˆูŽ ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ู ู…ูุญูŽู…ู‘ูŽุฏู ุฃูŽูˆู‘ูŽู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุฑูŽุฌูŽุนูŽุŒ ูˆูŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ: ูŠููƒู’ุฑูŽู‡ู ู„ูŽู‡ู ุฃูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽุชูŽุทูŽูŠู‘ูŽุจูŽ ุจูุทููŠุจู ุชูŽุจู’ู‚ูŽู‰ ุนูŽูŠู’ู†ูู‡ู ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู.

ูˆูŽุญููƒููŠูŽ ุนูŽู†ู’ ู…ูุญูŽู…ู‘ูŽุฏู ูููŠ ุณูŽุจูŽุจู ุฑูุฌููˆุนูู‡ู ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ: ูƒูู†ู’ุชู ู„ูŽุง ุฃูŽุฑูŽู‰ ุจูู‡ู ุจูŽุฃู’ุณู‹ุง ุญูŽุชู‘ูŽู‰ ุฑูŽุฃูŽูŠู’ุชู ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู…ู‹ุง ุฃูŽุญู’ุถูŽุฑููˆุง ุทููŠุจู‹ุง ูƒูŽุซููŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูŽุฑูŽุฃูŽูŠู’ุชู ุฃูŽู…ู’ุฑู‹ุง ุดูŽู†ููŠุนู‹ุง ููŽูƒูŽุฑูู‡ู’ุชูู‡ูุŒ ูˆูŽู‡ููˆูŽ ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ู ู…ูŽุงู„ููƒูุŒ ุงุญู’ุชูŽุฌู‘ูŽ ู…ูุญูŽู…ู‘ูŽุฏูŒ ุจูู…ูŽุง ุฑููˆููŠูŽ ยซุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุจููŠู‘ูŽ – ุตูŽู„ู‘ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ูˆูŽุณูŽู„ู‘ูŽู…ูŽ – ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ู„ูู„ู’ุฃูŽุนู’ุฑูŽุงุจููŠู‘ู: ุงุบู’ุณูู„ู’ ุนูŽู†ู’ูƒูŽ ู‡ูŽุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ุฎูŽู„ููˆููŽยป .

ูˆูŽุฑููˆููŠูŽ ุนูŽู†ู’ ุนูู…ูŽุฑูŽุŒ ูˆูŽุนูุซู’ู…ูŽุงู†ูŽ – ุฑูŽุถููŠูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุนูŽู†ู’ู‡ูู…ูŽุง – ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ูู…ูŽุง ูƒูŽุฑูู‡ูŽุง ุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุฅุฐูŽุง ุจูŽู‚ููŠูŽ ุนูŽูŠู’ู†ูู‡ู ูŠูŽู†ู’ุชูŽู‚ูู„ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูˆู’ุถูุนู ุงู„ู‘ูŽุฐููŠ ุทูŽูŠู‘ูŽุจูŽู‡ู ุฅู„ูŽู‰ ู…ูŽูˆู’ุถูุนู ุขุฎูŽุฑูŽ ููŽูŠูŽุตููŠุฑู ูƒูŽุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุทูŽูŠู‘ูŽุจูŽ ุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูˆู’ุถูุนูŽ ุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู‹ ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ูุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูุฃูŽุจููŠ ุญูŽู†ููŠููŽุฉูŽุŒ ูˆูŽุฃูŽุจููŠ ูŠููˆุณูููŽ ู…ูŽุง ุฑููˆููŠูŽ ุนูŽู†ู’ ุนูŽุงุฆูุดูŽุฉูŽ – ุฑูŽุถููŠูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุนูŽู†ู’ู‡ูŽุง – ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ูŽุง ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽุชู’ ยซุทูŽูŠู‘ูŽุจู’ุชู ุฑูŽุณููˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู – ุตูŽู„ู‘ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ูˆูŽุณูŽู„ู‘ูŽู…ูŽ – ู„ูุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ูู‡ู ุญููŠู†ูŽ ุฃูŽุญู’ุฑูŽู…ูŽุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูุฅูุญู’ู„ูŽุงู„ูู‡ู ุญููŠู†ูŽ ุฃูŽุญูŽู„ู‘ูŽ ู‚ูŽุจู’ู„ูŽ ุฃูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽุทููˆููŽ ุจูุงู„ู’ุจูŽูŠู’ุชูุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูŽู‚ูŽุฏู’ ุฑูŽุฃูŽูŠู’ุชู ูˆูŽุจููŠุตูŽ ุงู„ุทู‘ููŠุจู ูููŠ ู…ูŽููŽุงุฑูู‚ู ุฑูŽุณููˆู„ู ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู – ุตูŽู„ู‘ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ูˆูŽุณูŽู„ู‘ูŽู…ูŽ – ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽ ุฅุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ูู‡ูยป ุŒ ูˆูŽู…ูŽุนู’ู„ููˆู…ูŒ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ูˆูŽุจููŠุตูŽ ุงู„ุทู‘ููŠุจู ุฅู†ู‘ูŽู…ูŽุง ูŠูŽุชูŽุจูŽูŠู‘ูŽู†ู ู…ูŽุนูŽ ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุนูŽูŠู’ู†ูู‡ู ููŽุฏูŽู„ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุทู‘ููŠุจูŽ ูƒูŽุงู†ูŽ ุจูุญูŽูŠู’ุซู ุชูŽุจู’ู‚ูŽู‰ ุนูŽูŠู’ู†ูู‡ู ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ูุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุทูŽูŠู‘ูุจูŽ ุจูŽุนู’ุฏู ุญูŽุตูŽู„ูŽ ู…ูุจูŽุงุญู‹ุง ูููŠ ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู ู„ูุญูุตููˆู„ูู‡ู ูููŠ ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑู ุญูŽุงู„ู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ูุŒ ูˆูŽุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุทูŽูŠู‘ูุจู ู„ูŽุง ูŠูุณูŽู…ู‘ูŽู‰ ุชูŽุทูŽูŠู‘ูุจู‹ุง ููŽู„ูŽุง ูŠููƒู’ุฑูŽู‡ู ูƒูŽู…ูŽุง ุฅุฐูŽุง ุญูŽู„ูŽู‚ูŽ ุฑูŽุฃู’ุณูŽู‡ู ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽุญู’ุฑูŽู…ูŽ.

ูˆูŽุฃูŽู…ู‘ูŽุง ุญูŽุฏููŠุซู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุนู’ุฑูŽุงุจููŠู‘ู ููŽู‡ููˆูŽ ู…ูŽุญู’ู…ููˆู„ูŒ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู…ูŽุง ุฅุฐูŽุง ูƒูŽุงู†ูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุซูŽูˆู’ุจูŒ ู…ูุฒูŽุนู’ููŽุฑูŒุŒ ูˆูŽุงู„ุฑู‘ูŽุฌูู„ู ูŠูู…ู’ู†ูŽุนู ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ู…ูุฒูŽุนู’ููŽุฑู ูููŠ ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑู ุญูŽุงู„ู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ููŽูููŠ ุญูŽุงู„ู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ุฃูŽูˆู’ู„ูŽู‰ุŒ ุญูŽู…ูŽู„ู’ู†ูŽุงู‡ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู‡ูŽุฐูŽุง ุชูŽูˆู’ูููŠู‚ู‹ุง ุจูŽูŠู’ู†ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุญูŽุฏููŠุซูŽูŠู’ู†ู ุจูู‚ูŽุฏู’ุฑู ุงู„ู’ุฅูู…ู’ูƒูŽุงู†ู.

ูˆูŽุฃูŽู…ู‘ูŽุง ุญูŽุฏููŠุซู ุนูู…ูŽุฑูŽุŒ ูˆูŽุนูุซู’ู…ูŽุงู†ูŽ ููŽู‚ูŽุฏู’ ุฑููˆููŠูŽ ุนูŽู†ู’ ุงุจู’ู†ู ุนูู…ูŽุฑูŽุŒ ูˆูŽุนูŽุงุฆูุดูŽุฉูŽ – ุฑูŽุถููŠูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ุนูŽู†ู’ู‡ูู…ูŽุง – ุจูุฎูู„ูŽุงููู‡ู ููŽูˆูŽู‚ูŽุนูŽ ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุนูŽุงุฑูุถู ููŽุณูŽู‚ูŽุทูŽ ุงู„ูุงุญู’ุชูุฌูŽุงุฌู ุจูู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ูู‡ูู…ูŽุงุŒ ูˆูŽู…ูŽุง ุฐููƒูุฑูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ู…ูŽุนู’ู†ูŽู‰ ุงู„ูุงู†ู’ุชูู‚ูŽุงู„ู ุฅู„ูŽู‰ ู…ูŽูƒูŽุงู† ุขุฎูŽุฑูŽ ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑู ุณูŽุฏููŠุฏูุ› ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงุนู’ุชูุจูŽุงุฑูŽู‡ู ูŠููˆุฌูุจู ุงู„ู’ุฌูŽุฒูŽุงุกูŽ ู„ูŽูˆู’ ุงู†ู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽู„ูŽุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ุณูŽ ูƒูŽุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽ ุจูุงู„ู’ุฅูุฌู’ู…ูŽุงุนู.

ูˆูŽู„ูŽูˆู’ ุงุจู’ุชูŽุฏูŽุฃูŽ ุงู„ุทู‘ููŠุจูŽ ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ููŽูˆูŽุฌูŽุจูŽุชู’ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุงู„ู’ูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุฉู ููŽูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุฑูŽุŒ ูˆูŽุจูŽู‚ููŠูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ู‡ูŽู„ู’ ูŠูŽู„ู’ุฒูŽู…ูู‡ู ูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุฉูŒ ุฃูุฎู’ุฑูŽู‰ ุจูุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุงู„ุทู‘ููŠุจู ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ูุŒ ุงุฎู’ุชูŽู„ูŽููŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุดูŽุงูŠูุฎู ูููŠู‡ูุŒ ู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุจูŽุนู’ุถูู‡ูู…ู’: ูŠูŽู„ู’ุฒูŽู…ูู‡ู ูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุฉูŒ ุฃูุฎู’ุฑูŽู‰ุ› ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ูƒูŽุงู†ูŽ ู…ูŽุญู’ุธููˆุฑู‹ุง ู„ููˆูุฌููˆุฏูู‡ู ูููŠ ุญูŽุงู„ู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุญู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ููŽูƒูŽุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุจูุฎูู„ูŽุงูู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุณู’ุฃูŽู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุฃููˆู„ูŽู‰ุŒ ูˆูŽู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุจูŽุนู’ุถูู‡ูู…ู’ ู„ูŽุง ูŠูŽู„ู’ุฒูŽู…ูู‡ู ูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุฉูŒ ุฃูุฎู’ุฑูŽู‰ุ› ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุญููƒู’ู…ูŽ ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู ู‚ูŽุฏู’ ุณูŽู‚ูŽุทูŽ ุนูŽู†ู’ู‡ู ุจูุงู„ู’ูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุฉูุŒ ูˆูŽุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุทู‘ููŠุจู ู„ูŽุง ูŠููˆุฌูุจู ุงู„ู’ูƒูŽูู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุฉูŽ ูƒูŽู…ูŽุง ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุณู’ุฃูŽู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุฃููˆู„ูŽู‰.

ูˆููŠ ุจุฏุงุฆุน ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฆุน ููŠ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฆุน ู„ู„ูƒุงุณุงู†ูŠ ุฌ 6 ุต 138 ุท ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ:

(ูˆูŽุฌู’ู‡ู) ุฑููˆูŽุงูŠูŽุฉู ุฃูŽุจููŠ ูŠููˆุณูููŽ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุญูŽุงู„ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ู„ูŽุง ูŠูู‚ูŽุงุณู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุญูŽุงู„ู ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกูุ›ุ› ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกูŽ ุฃูŽุณู’ู‡ูŽู„ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุญููƒู’ู…ู ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู

ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฌ 2 ุต 8 ุท ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ู„ู„ุจุงุจุฑุชูŠ (ุช 786ู‡):

ูˆูŽูƒูŽุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽ ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ูู‡ู ุจูุงู„ูุงุชู‘ูููŽุงู‚ู ูŠูุฎูŽุงู„ููู ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ูŽู‡ู ู‚ูุจูŽูŠู’ู„ูŽ ู‡ูŽุฐูŽุง ู„ูŽูˆู’ ู‚ูŽุนูŽุฏูŽ ูŠูŽุฌููˆุฒู ุนูู†ู’ุฏูŽู‡ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑู ุนูุฐู’ุฑู ูƒูŽุฑูŽุงู‡ูŽุฉูุŒ ูˆูŽูƒูŽุฐูŽุง ูŠูุฎูŽุงู„ููู ุฅุทู’ู„ูŽุงู‚ูŽ ู…ูŽุง ุฐููƒูุฑูŽ ูููŠ ุจูŽุงุจู ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽูˆูŽุงููู„ูุŒ ูˆูŽูŠูŽุฌููˆุฒู ุฃูŽู†ู’ ูŠูู‚ูŽุงู„ูŽ ุฐูŽูƒูŽุฑูŽ ูููŠ ู…ูŽุจู’ุณููˆุทู ููŽุฎู’ุฑู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุณู’ู„ูŽุงู…ู ูˆูŽุฌูŽุงู…ูุนู ุฃูŽุจููŠ ุงู„ู’ู…ูุนููŠู†ู ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู„ูŽูˆู’ ู‚ูŽุนูŽุฏูŽ ูููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽูู’ู„ู ู„ูŽุง ูŠููƒู’ุฑูŽู‡ู ุนูู†ู’ุฏูŽู‡ู ูููŠ ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽุญููŠุญูุ› ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู‡ูŽุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ูˆูŽุฌู’ู‡ู ู…ูŽุดู’ุฑููˆุนูŒ ุจูู„ูŽุง ูƒูŽุฑูŽุงู‡ูŽุฉูุŒ ููŽุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุฃูŽูˆู’ู„ูŽู‰ ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุญููƒู’ู…ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุฃูŽุณู’ู‡ูŽู„ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุญููƒู’ู…ู ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู. ููŽู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ูู‡ู ูููŠ ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽุญููŠุญู ูŠูŽุฏูู„ู‘ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุซูŽู…ู‘ูŽุฉูŽ ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑูŽ ุตูŽุญููŠุญูุŒ ููŽุงู„ู’ุฅูุทู’ู„ูŽุงู‚ู ู‡ูŽุงู‡ูู†ูŽุง ูˆูŽูููŠ ุจูŽุงุจู ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽูˆูŽุงููู„ู ูŠูŽูƒููˆู†ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽุญููŠุญู. ูˆูŽู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ูู‡ู ูˆูŽูŠููƒู’ุฑูŽู‡ู ุจูุงู„ูุงุชู‘ูููŽุงู‚ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑู ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽุญููŠุญูุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูŽุนูŽู„ู‘ูŽ ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ูŽู‡ู ุจูุงู„ูุงุชู‘ูููŽุงู‚ู ูˆูŽู‚ูŽุนูŽ ุณูŽู‡ู’ูˆู‹ุง ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ูƒูŽุงุชูุจู.

ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฌ 9 ุต 101 ุท ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ู„ู„ุจุงุจุฑุชูŠ (ุช 786ู‡):

ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุนูŽู‚ู’ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู’ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽุงุฒูู…ู ู‡ููˆูŽ ุงู„ู‘ูŽุฐููŠ ูŠูŽูƒููˆู†ู ู„ูู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ูููŠู‡ู ุญููƒู’ู…ู ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู ูƒูŽู…ูŽุง ุชูŽู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ูŽ ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ูˆูŽูƒูŽุงู„ูŽุฉูุŒ

ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฌ 10 ุต 154 ุท ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ู„ู„ุจุงุจุฑุชูŠ (ุช 786ู‡):

ูˆูŽุงู„ุดู‘ููŠููˆุนู ุงู„ุทู‘ูŽุงุฑูุฆู ูŠูŽู…ู’ู†ูŽุนู ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกูŽ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŽู‡ู’ู†ู ูููŠ ุฑููˆูŽุงูŠูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุตู’ู„ูุŒ ูˆูŽุนูŽู†ู’ ุฃูŽุจููŠ ูŠููˆุณูููŽ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู„ูŽุง ูŠูŽู…ู’ู†ูŽุนูุ› ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุญููƒู’ู…ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุฃูŽุณู’ู‡ูŽู„ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุญููƒู’ู…ู ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู ููŽุฃูŽุดู’ุจูŽู‡ูŽ ุงู„ู’ู‡ูุจูŽุฉูŽ

ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฏุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฒุจูŠุฏูŠ (ุช 800 ู‡) ุต 151 ุท ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ:

(ู‚ูŽูˆู’ู„ูู‡ู ูˆูŽู…ูŽุณู‘ูŽ ุทููŠุจู‹ุง ุฅู†ู’ ูƒูŽุงู†ูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู) ู‡ูŽุฐูŽุง ูŠูŽุฏูู„ู‘ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุทู‘ููŠุจูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ุณูู†ูŽู†ู ุงู„ุฒู‘ูŽูˆูŽุงุฆูุฏู ูˆูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ุณูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ุณูู†ูŽู†ู ุงู„ู’ู‡ูŽุฏู’ูŠู

ูˆูŽุนูŽู†ู’ ุฃูŽุจููŠ ูŠููˆุณูููŽ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุทู‘ูŽุงุฑูุฆูŽ ู„ูŽุง ูŠูุคูŽุซู‘ูุฑู ูููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŽู‡ู’ู†ูุ› ู„ูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ุญููƒู’ู…ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู ุฃูŽุณู’ู‡ูŽู„ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุญููƒู’ู…ู ุงู„ูุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู ุฃูŽู„ูŽุง ุชูŽุฑูŽู‰ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ู…ูุนู’ุชูŽุฏู‘ูŽุฉูŽ ุงู„ู’ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑู ู„ูŽุง ูŠูŽุฌููˆุฒู ุฃูŽู†ู’ ุชูŽูƒููˆู†ูŽ ู…ูŽุญูŽู„ู‘ู‹ุง ู„ูู„ู†ู‘ููƒูŽุงุญู ุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู‹ ูˆูŽูŠูŽุจู’ู‚ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‘ููƒูŽุงุญู ูููŠ ุญูŽู‚ู‘ูู‡ูŽุง ุจูุฃูŽู†ู’ ูˆูุทูุฆูŽุชู’ ุงู…ู’ุฑูŽุฃูŽุฉู ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŽุฌูู„ู ุจูุดูุจู’ู‡ูŽุฉู ุชูŽุนู’ุชูŽุฏู‘ู ู„ูุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽ ุงู„ู’ูˆูŽุทู’ุกู ูˆูŽู„ูŽุง ูŠูŽุจู’ุทูู„ู ุงู„ู†ู‘ููƒูŽุงุญู ูˆูŽูƒูŽุงู„ุดู‘ููŠููˆุนู ุงู„ุทู‘ูŽุงุฑูุฆู ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ู‡ูุจูŽุฉู ู„ูŽุง ูŠูŽู…ู’ู†ูŽุนู ุตูุญู‘ูŽุชูŽู‡ูŽุง ุจูŽู‚ูŽุงุกู‹ ูˆูŽูŠูŽู…ู’ู†ูŽุนู ุตูุญู‘ูŽุชูŽู‡ูŽุง ุงุจู’ุชูุฏูŽุงุกู‹

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