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Question:

I often get my period before the 15 days of purity are complete. Sometimes on the 12,13 or 14 the day. Only after the 15th day then I stop praying. Is this correct? [Question Shortened]

The Fatwa

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The Answer

Bleeding again before the completion of fifteen days of purity is regarded as continuous bleeding (al-Dam al-Mutawālī). In such scenarios, the guidance is to use the previous recorded menstrual cycle and purity pattern to determine which days should be classified as Ḥayḍ.

The Fiqh of The Answer

Ibn Māzah al-Bukhārī (d.616 AH) states that the Aṣl (principle), according to Imām Abū Yūsuf (d.182 AH), and the concluding view of Imām Abū Ḥanīfah (d.150 AH), is that if the days of purity are less than fifteen days, the bleeding is regarded as continuous. In such instances, identifying the hayḍ days involves examining historical menstrual cycles and patterns of purification. However, if both sets of bleeding were divided by fifteen days or more, the cycles would be considered independent, and independently Ḥayḍ.

The aṣl al-binā’ (underpinning principle) of this ruling, extrapolated from the Tātārkhāniyyah, is based on the idea that a purity cycle (ṭuhr) must see its full course. A purity cycle lasting less than fifteen days (ṭuhr nāqiṣ) is not considered a valid cycle of purity, and does not legally separate between two sets of bleeding to establish a change in rulings. For a menstrual cycle to be established, a complete ṭuhr (purity) period must elapse.

Both menstruation and travel directly influence acts of worship, notably fasting and prayer. Imam al-Sarakhsī (d.483 AH) highlights this analogy, suggesting that the fifteen-day period borrows its principle from the travel duration, which necessitates complete prayer. The minimum menstruation duration is equated to three days, akin to the shortest permissible travel length, contemporarily interpreted into miles. This parallel is drawn because both conditions — menstruation and travel — distinctly affect one’s capacity to engage in prayer and fasting.

A second attempt at rationalising the ruling is found in the books of Fiqh; Allah Most High has established the cycle for those who don’t have regular menstruation, like prepubescent girls or elder women, aligning it with the typical patterns of menstruation and purity: Fifteen days for each. This means that when a cycle is divided, it splits evenly, with half the month, or fifteen days, attributed to menstruation and the other half to purity.

However, adjustments to this division — be it less than fifteen days for purity or more than three days for menstruation — are only established based on the actual presence and manifestation of menstrual blood during that period. This perspective and understanding is attributed to Imām Abū Manṣur al-Māturīdī (d.333 AH).

In the Muhīṭ, Ibn Māzah al-Bukhārī (d.616 AH) presents a clear and concise representation of the discussion stating it is deemed suitable for half of the month to be designated as the menstrual period (hayḍ), while the remaining half is considered a state of purity (ṭuhr). However, an important exception arises when the actual physical occurrence of hayḍ demonstrates a reduction in its duration to less than half of the month. Regardless of the specific circumstances, it is crucial to note that the purity period is always constricted to a minimum of fifteen days to establish a second cycle of menstruation. If this is not the case, the two phases of bleeding shall be merged and understood to be singular, and the days of hayd shall be determined through historic cycles as mentioned above.

‘Allāmah Bābirtī (d.786 AH), echoing the prevailing view of the Fuqahā’, refutes the two aforementioned rationales. He asserts that details regarding durations, lengths, and numbers aren’t subjects for rational deduction. Instead, these rulings are firmly rooted in explicit scriptural texts, emphasising that they are derived and established solely from divine revelation rather than human reasoning.

And Almighty Allah Alone Knows Best

Maulana Ammar Y Badat
Trainee Mufti

Reviewed and approved by
Mufti Faraz Adam
Darul Iftaa Muadh ibn Jabal
www.darulfiqh.com 

DISCLAIMER:

The views and opinions expressed in this answer belong only to the author and do not in any way represent or reflect the views of any institutions to which he may be affiliated.

Arguments and ideas propounded in this answer are based on the juristic interpretations and reasoning of the author. Given that contemporary issues and interpretations of contemporary issues are subjective in nature, another Mufti may reach different conclusions to the one expressed by the author. Whilst every effort has been taken to ensure total accuracy and soundness from a Shari’ah perspective, the author is open to any correction or juristic guidance. On the event of any juristic shortcomings, the author will retract any or all of the conclusions expressed within this answer.

The Shari’ah ruling given herein is based specifically on the scenario in question.  The author bears no responsibility towards any party that acts or does not act on this answer and is exempted from any and all forms of loss or damage.  This answer may not be used as evidence in any court of law without prior written consent from the author.  Consideration is only given and is restricted to the specific links provided, the author does not endorse nor approve of any other content the website may contain.

وَأَقَلُّ الطُّهْرِ: فِي حَقِّ النِّفَاسَيْنِ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ، وَفِي غَيْرِهِمَا خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً. فَالدَّمَانِ المُحِيطَانِ بِهِ حَيْضَانِ إِنْ بَلَغَ كُلٌّ نِصَاباً، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْ مَانِعٌ، وَإِلَّا فَاسْتِحَاضَةٌ أَوْ نِفَاسٌ. وَالطُّهْرُ النَّاقِصُ كَالدَّمِ المُتَوَالِي لا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الدَّمَيْنِ مُطْلَقاً. وَكَذَا الطُّهْرُ الْفَاسِدُ فِي النِّفَاسِ وقال: أقل الطهر الفاصل بين النفاس والحيض خمسة عشر يوماً. [ذخر المتأهلين والنساء]

الأصل عند أبي يوسف وهو قول أبي حنيفة آخراً أن الطهر المتخلل بين الدمين إذا كان أقل من خمسة عشر يوماً لا يفصل بين الدمين ويجعل الكل كالدم المتوالي. وإذا كان خمسة عشر أو أكثر يعتبر فاصلاً ثم ينظر إلى الدمين إن أمكن أن يجعل أحدهما بانفراده حيضاً يجعل ذلك حيضاً. [المحيط البرهاني]

 وَذَكَرَ فِي الْمُحِيطِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَقَامَ الشَّهْرَ فِي حَقِّ الْآيِسَةِ وَالصَّغِيرَةِ مَقَامَ الطُّهْرِ وَالْحَيْضِ، وَمَا أُضِيفَ إلَى شَيْئَيْنِ يَنْقَسِمُ عَلَيْهِمَا نِصْفَيْنِ، فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ نِصْفُ الشَّهْرِ حَيْضًا وَنِصْفُهُ طُهْرًا، إلَّا أَنَّهُ قَامَ الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى نُقْصَانِ الْحَيْضِ عَنْ النِّصْفِ فَيَبْقَى الطُّهْرُ عَلَى ظَاهِرِ الْقِسْمَةِ، وَهَذَا الِاسْتِدْلَال مَنْقُولٌ عَنْ الشَّيْخِ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ الْمَاتُرِيدِيِّ، وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَقَادِيرَ لَا تُعْرَفُ إلَّا تَوْقِيفًا. [العناية شرح الهداية]

من أصله أيضاً إذا أمكن أن يجعل كل واحد منهما حيضاً يجعل كل واحد منهما حيضاً. ومن أصله أنه يبتدأ الحيض بالطهر ويختمها بالطهر وإن كان قبل البداية وبعد الختم دم. وجه قوله في ذلك: بأن طهر ما دون خمسة عشر يوماً طهرٌ فاسدٌ فلا يتعلق به حكم الطهر الصحيح ولا يفصل بين الدمين، فمن حكم الطهر الصحيح، بيان قوله في أن طهر ما دون خمسة عشر لا يفصل بين الدمين في المبتدأة، أما إذا رأت يوماً دماً وأربعة عشر يوماً طهراً ويوماً دماً فالعشرة من أول ما رأت حيض بحكم بلوغها به، وكذلك إذا رأت يوماً دماً وتسعة طهراً أو يوماً دماً وتسعة طهراً أو يومين دماً في المعتادة فمعروفها حيض وما زاد على ذلك استحاضة

وبيان قوله في ابتداء الحيض بالطهر وفي ختمه بالطهر يشرط بأن يكون قبل البداية وبعد الختم دم في المرأة إذا كانت عادتها في الحيض في كل شهر خمسة، فرأت قبل أيامها يوماً دماً ثم طهرت خمستها ثم رأت يوماً دماً، فعنده خمسها حيض لإحاطة الدمين بها، ويقع الختم والابتداء ههنا بالطهر، وفي المبتدأة لا يتصور الابتداء إلا بالدم، وكذلك لو رأت قبل خمستها يوماً دماً ثم طهرت أول يوم من خمستها ثم رأت ثلاثة دماً ثم طهرت آخر يوم من خمستها ثم استمر بها الدم فحيضها خمستها عنده وإن كان ابتداء الخمسة وختمها بالطهر لوجود الدم قبلها وبعدها. [فتاوى التاتارخانية]

مدة الطهر نظير مدة الإقامة من حيث إنها تعيد ما كان ساقطا من الصوم والصلاة ولهذا قدرنا أقل مدة الحيض ثلاثة أيام اعتباراً بأقل مدة السفر، فإن كلاً منهما يؤثر في الصوم والصلاة، وفي كل واحد منهما نظر لا يخفى [المبسوط ].

م: (وأنه) ش: أي وأن كون أقل الطهر خمسة عشر يوماً م: (لا يعرف إلا توقيفاً) ش: أي من حيث التوقيف على السماع، لأن المقدرات لا اهتداء للعقل فيها م: (ولا غاية لأكثره) ش: أي لأكثر الطهر، ومعناه أنه تصلي وتصوم ما ترى الطهر وإن استغرق عمرها. [البناية شرح الهداية]

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