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- وَعَلَى هَذَا يُخَرَّجُ مَا إذَا وُجِدَ طَرَفٌ مِنْ أَطْرَافِ الْإِنْسَانِ كَيَدٍ أَوْ رِجْلٍ أَنَّهُ لَا يُغَسَّلُ؛ لِأَنَّ الشَّرْعَ وَرَدَ بِغُسْلِ الْمَيِّتِ، وَالْمَيِّتُ اسْمٌ لِكُلِّهِ وَلَوْ وُجِدَ الْأَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ غُسِّلَ؛ لِأَنَّ لِلْأَكْثَرِ حُكْمَ الْكُلِّ، وَإِنْ وُجِدَ الْأَقَلُّ مِنْهُ، أَوْ النِّصْفُ لَمْ يُغَسَّلْ كَذَا ذَكَرَ الْقُدُورِيُّ فِي شَرْحِهِ مُخْتَصَرَ الْكَرْخِيِّ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا الْقَدْرَ لَيْسَ بِمَيِّتٍ حَقِيقَةً وَحُكْمًا، وَلِأَنَّ الْغُسْلَ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَمَا لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى النِّصْفِ لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، فَلَا يُغَسَّلُ أَيْضًا، وَذَكَرَ الْقَاضِي فِي شَرْحِهِ مُخْتَصَرَ الطَّحَاوِيِّ أَنَّهُ إذَا وُجِدَ النِّصْفُ وَمَعَهُ الرَّأْسُ يُغَسَّلُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ الرَّأْسُ لَا يُغْسَلُ فَكَأَنَّهُ جَعَلَهُ مَعَ الرَّأْسِ فِي حُكْمِ الْأَكْثَرِ؛ لِكَوْنِهِ مُعْظَمَ الْبَدَنِ.
- وَلَوْ وُجِدَ نِصْفُهُ مَشْقُوقًا لَا يُغْسَلُ لِمَا قُلْنَا، وَلِأَنَّهُ لَوْ غُسِّلَ الْأَقَلُّ أَوْ النِّصْفُ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْغُسْلَ لِأَجْلِ الصَّلَاةِ. (بدائع الصنائع ج 1 ص 302 دار الكتب)
- (قَوْلُهُ كَالْعُضْوِ مِنْ الْمَيِّتِ) أَيْ لَوْ وُجِدَ طَرَفٌ مِنْ أَطْرَافِ إنْسَانٍ أَوْ نِصْفُهُ مَشْقُوقًا طُولًا أَوْ عَرْضًا يُلَفُّ فِي خِرْقَةٍ إلَّا إذَا كَانَ مَعَهُ الرَّأْسُ فَيُكَفَّنُ كَمَا فِي الْبَدَائِعِ (حاشية ابن عابدين ج 2 ص 205 سعيد)
- فتاوى حقانية ج 3 ص 440
- فتاوى محمودية ج 8 ص 662 إدارة الفاروق
Question:
What is the ruling with regards to ghusl when a Muslim is recovered from a crash with severed limbs?
Answer:
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
Except for a few cases, a deceased Muslim is generally due:
1) Taghsīl (A ritual bath)
2) Takfīn (Shrouding in a specific manner)
3) Salāh (Prayer for the deceased)
4) Tadfīn (Burial in a specific manner)
A Muslim who passes away with his body intact will be privileged with the above four rights.
However, if a Muslim passed away in a manner which left his body severed into pieces, the ruling with regards to the above rights will depend according to what and how much of the body is recovered. The scenarios can be:
1) Recovery of a limb
For example, discovery of a head or a leg or a hand.
In such a scenario, the limb will not be required to have Taghsīl, Takfīn, ṣalāh or Tadfīn. The limb should be simply wrapped in a cloth and buried in the ground.
2) Recovery of a few limbs
For example, a head and legs are recovered, or hands and legs are recovered only.
In such a scenario, one will have to analyse and judge whether what is recovered is equivalent to more than half of the body. If what is found can be regarded as more than half of the body, then these body parts will be due Taghsīl, Takfīn, ṣalāh and Tadfīn.
However, if the recovered limbs are considered to be half of the body or less than half, they will not be due any of the above. The limbs will be simply wrapped in a cloth and buried.
3) Recovery of half of the body without a head
In such a scenario, the limbs will not be required to have Taghsīl, Takfīn, ṣalāh or Tadfīn. The limbs should be simply wrapped in a cloth and buried in the ground.
4) Recovery of half of the body with the head
In such a scenario, these body parts will be due Taghsīl, Takfīn, ṣalāh and Tadfīn.
5) Recovery of most of the body except the head
In such a scenario, these body parts will be due Taghsīl, Takfīn, ṣalāh and Tadfīn.
And Allah Ta’ālā Knows Best
Mufti Faraz Adam,
www.darulfiqh.com
